Abstract Background The long incubation periods of cardiovascular diseases offer opportunities for controlling risk factors. In addition, preventive interventions in childhood are more likely to succeed because lifestyle habits become ingrained as they are repeated. Objective To investigate the effects of recreational physical activities, in combination or not with a qualitative nutritional counseling, in cardiometabolic risk factors of students with dyslipidemia and abdominal obesity. Methods Students (8-14 years old) were randomly divided into three groups (n=23 each): i ) Control; ii ) PANC, students undergoing Physical Activity and Nutritional Counseling, and iii ) PA, students submitted to Physical Activity, only. Blood samples (12-h fasting) were collected for biochemical analysis and anthropometric markers were also assessed. Two-Way RM-ANOVA and Holm-Sidak’s test, and Friedman ANOVA on Ranks and Dunn’s test were applied. P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Effect sizes were evaluated by Hedges’ g and Cliff’s δ for normal and non-Gaussian data, respectively. Results Compared to the control group and to baseline values, both interventions caused significant average reductions in total cholesterol (11%; p <0.001), LDL-c (19%; p=0.002), and non-HDL-c (19%; p=0.003). Furthermore, students in the PANC group also experienced a significant decrease in body fat compared to baseline (p=0.005) and to control (5.2%; g=0.541). Conclusions The proposed strategies were effective to reduce cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. The low cost of these interventions allows the implementation of health care programs in schools to improve the students’ quality of life.

Abstract INTRODUCTION The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in a prison population. METHODS: A total of 147 individuals were interviewed and subjected to venipuncture for collection of blood sample. The study population consisted of male individuals who attended the health unit of the state penitentiary of Florianópolis. RESULTS: The prevalence of HCV infection was 5.4%. Regarding behavioral variables, 95 (64.6%, p<0.0507) subjects reported consuming alcohol and 7 (4.8%, p<0.0476) reported having already used injectable drugs. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of HCV infection in the studied population was higher than that in the general populations.

RESUMO Introdução: O ácido úrico (AUr) é um produto do catabolismo das purinas, e a hiperuricemia (hAUr) associa-se a fatores de risco para doenças cardiometabólicas. Objetivo: Avaliar a concentração de AUr em crianças e adolescentes. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 623 estudantes eutróficos (5 a 15 anos de idade; 9,9 ± 2,7 anos; 52% meninas). Foi coletado sangue (jejum 12-14 h) para análise de parâmetros laboratoriais e foram aferidas pressão arterial e medidas antropométricas. AUr foi estratificado segundo sexo e faixas etárias (5 a < 10, ≥ 10 a < 13 e ≥ 13 a 15 anos, masculino; 5 a < 9, ≥ 9 a < 12 e ≥ 12 a 15 anos, feminino) e foram calculados os percentis 2,5 (2,5th) e 97,5 (97,5th). Resultados: A média de AUr foi de 3,7 ± 1,03 mg/dl (meninos) e 3,58 ± 0,91 mg/dl (meninas) (p = 0,0113). Considerando as faixas etárias, a média de AUr foi crescente e superior nos meninos (p = 0,0024, para terceira faixa). Nas meninas, o AUr aumentou progressiva e significativamente nas faixas etárias (p ≤ 0,005). Segundo o 97,5th, houve diferença estatística somente na terceira faixa entre os sexos (p = 0,002). Nas comparações entre faixas etárias, o 97,5th do AUr também aumentou para meninos e meninas (p ≤ 0,05). Segundo o 97,5th, 26 estudantes apresentaram hAUR. Conclusão: A estratificação por faixas etárias e sexo, além do 97,5th como limiar de concentração, foi importante para avaliação da concentração sérica do AUr em crianças e adolescentes.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Uric acid (UrA) is a product of purine catabolism, and hyperuricemia (hUrA) is associated with risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases. Objective: To evaluate the concentration of UrA in children and adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 623 eutrophic students (5 to 15 years old, aged 9.9 ± 2.7 years, 52% girls). Blood was collected (fasting 12-14 h) for analysis of laboratory parameters, and blood pressure and anthropometric measures were verified. UrA was stratified according to sex and age ranges (5 to < 10, ≥ 10 to < 13 and ≥ 13 to 15 years, male; and 5 to < 9, ≥ 9 to < 12 and ≥ 12 to 15 years, female), and the percentiles 2.5 (2.5th) and 97.5 (97.5th) were calculated. Results: The mean UrA was 3.7 ± 1.03 mg/dl (boys) and 3.58 ± 0.91 mg/dl (girls) (p = 0.0113). Considering the age ranges, the mean UrA was increasing and higher for boys (p = 0.0024, for the 3rd age range). For girls, the UrA increased progressively and significantly in the age ranges (p ≤ 0.005). According to the 97.5th, there was statistical difference only in the third range between sexes (p = 0.002). For comparisons between age ranges, UrA 97.5th also increased for boys and girls (p ≤ 0.05). According to the 97.5th, 26 students presented hUrA. Conclusion: According to the results, stratification by age ranges and sex, in addition to the 97.5th as concentration threshold, was important for evaluation of serum levels of UrA in children and adolescents.

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a queixa subjetiva de memória relacionada com a fluência verbal em idosos participantes de grupos de convivência. Método Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, quantitativo, realizado em grupos de convivência de idosos do município de Florianópolis, Estado de Santa Catarina. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista estruturada utilizando-se o Questionário de Queixas de Memória (MAC-Q) e o Teste de Fluência Verbal (TFV) por categorias semânticas animais/minuto. Para a análise descritiva inferencial, consideraram-se os dados com p < 5%. Resultados Foi encontrada a queixa de memória autodeclarada em 35,7% da amostra. Não houve associação e correlação do TFV com a percepção da memória obtida pelo MAC-Q bem como com o seu escore. A análise do TFV com os indivíduos que referiram percepção negativa de memória apresentou significância estatística. Salienta-se que foi encontrada associação significativa entre a percepção (escore do MAC-Q) e a presença da queixa de memória (referida pelos idosos em questão acrescida ao questionário). Conclusão Não houve relação entre a queixa subjetiva de memória e a fluência verbal de idosos ativos, sendo as queixas mnemônicas correlacionadas à percepção negativa da memória e ao tempo de queixa apresentada. Porém a queixa subjetiva da memória se mostrou um indicativo para aqueles indivíduos com percepção negativa da memória, sendo um aspecto que deve ser considerado na fala dos idosos ao se investigar um possível declínio cognitivo. Tais dados podem auxiliar no direcionamento das ações de políticas públicas de assistência às pessoas idosas no município, salientando-se a importância em se verificar a queixa subjetiva de memória dos idosos.

ABSTRACT Purpose To verify subjective memory complaints and their relation to verbal fluency in older people participating in community groups. Methods An epidemiological quantitative study performed in community groups for older people in Florianópolis, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Data were collected by structured interview using the Memory Complaint Questionnaire (MAC-Q) and the Verbal Fluency Test (VFT) by semantic categories “animals/minute”. For an inferential descriptive analysis, data with p < 5% were considered. Results Self-reported memory complaints were found in 35.7% of the sample. No association or correlation of VFT with the perception of memory obtained by MAC-Q, nor with its score was found. The VFT analysis of in individuals who reported negative perception of memory presented statistical significance. We found significant association between the perception (MAC-Q score) and presence of memory lapses (reported by the older people in question and added to the questionnaire). Conclusion We found no relation between subjective memory complaints and verbal fluency of active older people. Mnemonic complaints were correlated to the negative perception of memory and to the duration of the complaint. However, subjective memory complaints were an indicator for those individuals with negative perception of memory, being one aspect that must be considered in older people’s speech when investigating a possible cognitive deterioration. Such data can assist in formulating public health care policies aimed at older people in the city, which emphasizes the importance of verifying subjective memory complaints in this population.

Abstract INTRODUCTION This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among prison inmates and to define the behavioral profile of infected individuals. METHODS: In total, 147 individuals were interviewed and provided biological material. The study population consisted of male individuals who presented at the health unit of the Florianopolis State Penitentiary. RESULTS: The prevalence of HIV infection was 2.1% (95% confidence interval, 0.4-5.8). With respect to the behavioral profile of individuals, no variable showed statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of HIV infection among prison inmates was higher than that reported for the general population.

Fundamento:Os fatores de risco que caracterizam a síndrome metabólica (SM) podem estar presentes na infância e adolescência, agravando o risco para as doenças cardiovasculares na idade adulta.Objetivo:Verificar a prevalência de SM e a importância de suas variáveis associadas, incluindo resistência à insulina (RI), em crianças e adolescentes do município de Guabiruba-SC, Brasil.Métodos:Estudo transversal realizado com 1011 estudantes (6–14 anos; 52,4% meninas; 58,5% crianças). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para as medidas de parâmetros bioquímicos por métodos laboratoriais de rotina. A RI foi estabelecida pelo índice HOMA-IR e foram aferidos o peso, a altura, a circunferência da cintura e a pressão arterial. Modelos de regressão logística multivariada foram usados para examinar associações entre as variáveis de risco e a SM.Resultados:Na população avaliada, as prevalências de SM, RI, sobrepeso e obesidade foram de 14%, 8,5%, 21% e 13%, respectivamente. Dentre os estudantes com SM, 27% tinham RI, 33% apresentavam sobrepeso, 45,5% eram obesos e 22% eutróficos. A RI foi mais frequente nos estudantes com sobrepeso (48%) e obesos (41%) em comparação aos indivíduos eutróficos (11%; p = 0,034). As variáveis com maior influência para o desenvolvimento da SM foram a obesidade (OR = 32,7), o sobrepeso (OR= 6,1), a RI (OR = 4,4; p ≤ 0,0001 para todos) e a idade (OR = 1,15; p = 0,014).Conclusão:Foi observada elevada prevalência de SM nas crianças e adolescentes avaliados. Estudantes obesos, com sobrepeso ou resistentes à insulina tiveram maiores chances de desenvolver a síndrome.

Background:The risk factors that characterize metabolic syndrome (MetS) may be present in childhood and adolescence, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood.Objective:Evaluate the prevalence of MetS and the importance of its associated variables, including insulin resistance (IR), in children and adolescents in the city of Guabiruba-SC, Brazil.Methods:Cross-sectional study with 1011 students (6–14 years, 52.4% girls, 58.5% children). Blood samples were collected for measurement of biochemical parameters by routine laboratory methods. IR was estimated by the HOMA-IR index, and weight, height, waist circumference and blood pressure were determined. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between risk variables and MetS.Results:The prevalence of MetS, IR, overweight and obesity in the cohort were 14%, 8.5%, 21% and 13%, respectively. Among students with MetS, 27% had IR, 33% were overweight, 45.5% were obese and 22% were eutrophic. IR was more common in overweight (48%) and obese (41%) students when compared with eutrophic individuals (11%; p = 0.034). The variables with greatest influence on the development of MetS were obesity (OR = 32.7), overweight (OR = 6.1), IR (OR = 4.4; p ≤ 0.0001 for all) and age (OR = 1.15; p = 0.014).Conclusion:There was a high prevalence of MetS in children and adolescents evaluated in this study. Students who were obese, overweight or insulin resistant had higher chances of developing the syndrome.

Evidence-based strategies to improve the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination coverage rates might help to reduce the burden caused by co-infection with HBV and human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV). In this study, the aim was to evaluate the vaccination coverage and immunity against HBV among HIV-infected individuals in South Brazil, and identify factors that are associated with compliance patterns and antibody reactivity. Three hundred HIV-infected men and women were included in this survey. The patients answered a standardized questionnaire, and vaccination cards were checked in order to assess hepatitis B vaccine status. A blood sample was collected for quantitative determination of antibody to hepatitis B virus surface antigen (anti-HBs). Participants were also evaluated for their CD4 cell count and HIV viral load. The overall vaccination coverage of HBV vaccination found in this study (57.4%) was lower than that was previously reported in South Brazil. Anti-HBs levels >10 IU/L were observed in 47.0% of the studied population. A significant inequality in the coverage rates and antibody reactivity was found in favor of patients with better economic status. In conclusion, the results indicate the need for improvement in the HBV vaccination coverage among HIV carriers, in particular focusing on low-income individuals.

IntroductionHepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are two of the world's most important infectious diseases. Our objective was to determine the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) prevalences among adult HIV-infected patients and identify the associations between socio-demographic variables and these HBV infection markers.MethodsThis study was performed from October 2012 to March 2013. Three hundred HIV-seropositive patients were monitored by the Clinical Analysis Laboratory of Professor Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago University Hospital, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The blood tests included HBsAg, anti-HBc immunoglobulin M (IgM) and total anti-HBc. Patients reported their HIV viral loads and CD4+ T-cell counts using a questionnaire designed to collect sociodemographic data.ResultsThe mean patient age was 44.6 years, the mean CD4 T-cell count was 525/mm3, the mean time since beginning antiretroviral therapy was 7.6 years, and the mean time since HIV diagnosis was 9.6 years. The overall prevalences of HBsAg and total anti-HBc were 2.3% and 29.3%, respectively. Among the individuals analyzed, 0.3% were positive for HBsAg, 27.3% were positive for total anti-HBc, and 2.0% were positive either for HBsAg or total anti-HBc and were classified as chronically HBV-infected. Furthermore, 70.3% of the patients were classified as never having been infected. Male gender, age >40 years and Caucasian ethnicity were associated with an anti-HBc positive test.ConclusionsThe results showed an intermediate prevalence of HBsAg among the studied patients. Moreover, the associations between the anti-HBc marker and socio-demographic factors suggest a need for HBV immunization among these HIV-positive individuals, who are likely to have HIV/HBV coinfection.

Objetivo: Identificar os grupos de risco para disfagia orofaríngea em pacientes internados em um hospital universitário. Métodos: O estudo foi transversal do tipo exploratório com análise quantitativa dos resultados. A população pesquisada foi formada por 32 pacientes internados nas clínicas médicas do hospital. Foram coletados dados da história do paciente e realizada a triagem universal de deglutição, avaliação funcional da alimentação para observação de sinais e sintomas de disfagia e avaliação do estado nutricional por dados antropométricos e exames laboratoriais. Resultados: Da amostra total, a maioria dos pacientes era homens acima de 60 anos. As comorbidades mais associadas a pacientes com sintomas e sinais de disfagia foram doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, insuficiência cardíaca congestiva, diabetes melitus e infarto agudo do miocárdio. A consistência alimentar em que foi observada a maior presença de sinal clínico de aspiração foi o pudim, e o sinal predominante, a voz molhada. Conclusão: Há grande incidência de risco para disfagia orofaríngea nos pacientes internados e um índice ainda maior de pacientes internados em comprometimento nutricional ou já desnutridos. Pacientes internados com doenças respiratórias, doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, insuficiência cardíaca congestiva e pacientes com xerostomia foram apontados como grupo de risco para disfagia orofaríngea.

Purpose: To identify risk groups for oropharyngeal dysphagia in hospitalized patients in a university hospital. Methods: The study was design as an exploratory cross-sectional with quantitative data analysis. The researched population consisted of 32 patients admitted to the medical clinic at the university hospital. Patient history data were collected, followed by a universal swallowing screening which included functional feeding assessment, to observe clinical signs and symptoms of dysphagia, and assessment of nutritional status through anthropometric data and laboratory tests. Results: Of the total sample, the majority of patients was male over 60 years. The most common comorbidities related to patients with signs and symptoms of dysphagia were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, systemic arterial hypertension, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction. The food consistency that showed higher presence of clinical signs of aspiration was pudding and the predominant sign was wet voice. Conclusion: There is a high incidence of risk for oropharyngeal dysphagia in hospitalized patients and an even higher rate of hospitalized patients with nutritional deficits or already malnourished. Hospitalized patients with respiratory diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure and patients with xerostomia were indicated as risk group for oropharyngeal dysphagia.

A hiper-homocisteinemia é um fator de risco independente para desenvolvimento de doença cardiovascular e na presença de outros fatores de risco (FR) poderá acarretar em risco adicional para o surgimento do evento. Foram realizadas dosagens séricas de homocisteína e creatinina em 146 pacientes (51 homens e 95 mulheres) cadastrados no programa HIPERDIA/MS sendo todos portadores de três FR associados: hipertensão, tabagismo e histórico familiar para doença cardiovascular. A média geral foi de 14,48 µmol/L ± 5,98 (15,38 µmol/L ± 6,77 e 13,99 µmol/L ± 5,48, homens e mulheres respectivamente). A hiper-homocisteinemia esteve presente em 34,90% (39,20% e 32,60%, homens e mulheres respectivamente), de acordo com o intervalo de referência entre 5 - 15 µmol/L. Entretanto, segundo recomendações da DACH-LIGA Homocysteine, valores entre 12 - 30 µmol/L são considerados como moderada hiper-homocisteinemia. O estudo revelou que 60,30% (70,60% e 54,70%, homens e mulheres respectivamente) estavam acima de 12 µmol/L. Na avaliação do estudo, a dosagem de homocisteína sérica deve ser realizada em pacientes cadastrados no programa HIPERDIA/MS, pois além de hipertensos e/ou diabéticos, a presença de hiper-homocisteinemia pode ser um risco adicional para o desenvolvimento de doença cardiovascular.

Hiper-homocysteinemia is an independent risk factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases and in the presence of other risk factors (RF) may bring about an additional risk for the occurrence of the event. Serum dosages of homocysteine and creatinine in 146 patients (51 men and 95 women), registered at the HIPERDIA/MS Program, all presenting three associated RF's; hypertension, smoking habit and family history for cardiovascular diseases. The general average has been 14.48 µmol/L ± 5,98 (15,38 µmol/L ±6,77 and 13,99 µmol/L ± 5,48, for men and women respectively). Hiper-homocysteinemia had been present in 34.90% (39.20% and 32.60%, men and women, respectively), according to the reference interval between 5 - 15 µmol/L. Although, according to Homocysteine DACH-LIGA recommendations, values between 12 - 30 µmol/L are considered being a moderate hiper-homocysteinemia. The study has revealed that 60.30% (70.60% and 54.70%, men and women, respectively) had been above 12 µmol/L. In the evaluation of the study, the serum dosage of homocysteine has to be performed in patients registered at the HIPERDIA/MS Program for, besides being hypertense and/or diabetic, the presence of hiper-homocisteinemia may be an additional risk for the development of cardiovascular disease.

OBJETIVO: Investigar a prevalência e a multiplicidade de fatores de risco (FR) adicionais em uma amostra populacional de indivíduos hipertensos e tabagistas, diagnosticados e inscritos no Programa Hipertensos e Diabéticos do MS (HIPERDIA/Ministério da Saúde), no Município de Brusque, SC, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Determinação de parâmetros antropométricos e variáveis laboratoriais reconhecidas como fatores de risco cardiovascular. RESULTADO: Elevada prevalência de FR adicionais à hipertensão arterial (HAS) e ao tabagismo, configurando a multiplicidade que concorre com uma elevação acentuada do risco de eventos cardiovasculares nessa amostra populacional. CONCLUSÃO: Em populações de hipertensos, medidas de prevenção, identificação e controle de FR devem ser implementadas e programas informatizados, como o Hiperdia/MS, podem auxiliar no seguimento dos pacientes, possibilitando uma abordagem multidisciplinar mais criteriosa, sobretudo na análise do alcance das metas de tratamento e conseqüente redução de risco cardiovascular.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and multiplicity of additional risk factors (RF) in a population sample of hypertensive smokers, diagnosed and enrolled at the Hiperdia Program of the Ministry of Health, in the city of Brusque, SC, Brazil. METHODS: Determination of the anthropometrical parameters and laboratory variables recognized as cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS: Elevated prevalence of RF in addition to systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and smoking, configuring the multiplicity that concurs with a marked elevation of the risk of cardiovascular events in this population sample. CONCLUSION: In hypertensive populations, the prevention, identification and RF control measures must be implemented; computerized programs such as the Hiperdia/MS can help in patients’ follow-up, allowing a more stringent multidisciplinary approach, especially regarding the analysis of the attainment of treatment goals and the subsequent decrease of cardiovascular risk.